Historical Demand For And Prevalence Of Birth Control

This essay will examine the historical demand for and prevalence of birth control in the United States. The history of birth control in the U.S. begins long before the infamous 1973 Roe vs. Wade Supreme Court decision affirming the legality of abortion. Before examining birth control, it’s important to first dispel the myth that birth control and particularly abortion is only sought by modern, unmarried women who are more promiscuous than women in earlier ages. America was never abstinent. It’s a myth that more teens and young adults have sex now than in previous generations. With poorer health and nutrition than in modern times, fewer teenage girls were developed enough to become pregnant in the past. In 1870, only slightly more than one†¦show more content†¦This study must be considered with hesitation due to the small sample size, as well as the reality that certain generations and age groups may be more inclined to lie about having had sex or not than others. Around the same period, sex with prostitutes declined over 50 percent between 1900 and 1910. Due to the first sexual revolution of the twentieth century, young men were more likely to have their first sexual encounter with a girlfriend rather than a prostitute. This increased the need for the general population to have knowledge of and access to birth control methods. Margaret Sanger claimed in 1914 that upper-middle-class women, promiscuous girls, and prostitutes rarely become pregnant because they know how to prevent conception. However, lower middle-class women lack knowledge of birth control methods and it was cheaper to give birth than have an abortion even if they knew that they would be financially unable to care for the new child. During this time, sex manuals expanded couples’ knowledge of sexual techniques and greater access to birth control allowed couples to explore their sexuality further. After the Civil War, the United States adopted a laisse-faire or deregulated approach to businesses, but compounded regulations on women. For example, Social Darwinist William Graham Summer opposed regulating commerce, but advocated for state intervention to save male property and the honor of women whichShow MoreRelatedHealthcare in South Africa3476 Words   |  14 Pagesto other countries and their respective health systems, provides a thorough picture as to the successes and shortcomings of a nation’s healthcare system. South Africa has fallen well short of both regional and global averages with respect to the prevalence and burden of infectious diseases, particularly HIV and tuberculosis. Like the United States, South Africa is undergoing reform of its healthcare system with policy changes intended to create universal health insurance and access to care. 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Kite Runner Essay - 1002 Words

The Kite Runner Theme Essay Father-Son Relationship (Amir and Baba) Amir, who is the main character The Kite Runner, is a boy who always wanted the admiration and acceptance of his father, Baba. Baba and Amir cannot have the relationship Amir wants to have because of the characteristics that they have and do not share between each other. Amir wants to have Baba all to himself, and not share him with others, such as Hassan. Amir is weak in Baba’s eyes and Amir is not how Baba sees his son to be. But in the end, Amir just wanted to have his fathers respect. Amir wishes to have his father all to himself, he wants to spend time with Baba without anyone else. Also, Amir wants to be Baba’s favorite and for Baba to give all his attention to†¦show more content†¦Baba expected Amir to be like he was when he was a boy. Since Amir reads poetry instead of hunting like Baba wants him to, they cannot have the relationship Amir desires. Next, When Baba was talking to Rahim Khan about Amir, he told him that he (Baba) was not like that at all w hen he was a child. When he did complain about how his son was not like him, Baba did sound kind of frustrated. His frustration shows that he is uncomfortable that his son is not an exact replica of himself, and again this means they cannot have the relationship Amir wants. Another example of Baba’s disappointment over Amir is, once again, in another conversation with Rahim Khan that Amir overheard, Baba told Rahim Khan that if he did not witness the birth of Amir himself, he would not believe that he is his son. Baba and Amir are almost completely different people and Baba finds discomfort in that. Baba wanted Amir to be exactly like him and this shows how he feels about the differences between them. Amir and Baba cannot have the relationship Amir desires because he cannot fulfill Baba’s high expectations. It is because of the assumption of the father-son relationship of Amir and Baba, as well as their clashing traits, that they cannot have the relationship Amir wants . Their contrasting ideas of what their relationship should be is shown by Amir’s wanting to have Baba all to himself, Amir’s weakness andShow MoreRelated The Kite Runner Essay1476 Words   |  6 PagesThe Kite Runner Reading for leisure provides valuable insight into the author’s imagination or prior experience giving the reader a different perspective on a certain topic or culture. In Khaled Hosseini’s The Kite Runner, we are introduced into a world of privilege in Afghanistan for the main character, Amir, combated with his best friend and half brother Hassan, their lowly Hazara servant. The two boys were raised together but being a Hazara is seen as an inferior race to many of the otherRead More The Kite Runner Essay1632 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"There is a way to be good again† (2). 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Contract Law Peculiar Circumstances

Question: Describe about the Contract Law for Peculiar Circumstances. Answer: 1. Introduction It is not enmesh in controversy that consideration, as a matter of course, plays an anomalous role in formation of a contract. There is, infallibly, some truth to the widely agreeable protestation that consideration in a contract must not only be adequate, but must also be sufficient. Issue The challenging question, however, embedded in the whole discussion of consideration is whether a past consideration is legally valid and sufficient. Rule The doctrine of past consideration emanates from the idea that consideration must be given after a promise is made (Roscolla v Thomas, 1842). In the case of Harrington v Taylor (1945) P was assaulted as a result of voluntarily assisting D from being knocked by W. Later D promised W that he is going to pay him for the damages but D did not pay the full promised amount. It was held by the court that a past consideration is not a valid consideration, however the court noted of the moral imperative on D to compensate P. It can thus be stated that where the consideration is given based on a predated activity or occurrence of an event that is past it is generally regarded as not good consideration (Eastwood v Kenyon, 1840). Application The rule was also successfully applied in Re McArdle (1951) where two siblings undertook to repair a house and later it was stated that after the sale of the house of their late father they will be paid a sum of $480 as consideration of the repairing the house. It was held that the promise to make payment was made after consideration had been provided it was the past consideration was not valid. It has also been argued that where there are two parties in a contract and after the formation of the contract one party promises that the other that they will give him or her an extra benefit in the contract, it has been held that the consideration for that promises had already been fulfilled and therefore the past consideration will not be valid (Paul 2007). Conclusion Essentially, it can be observed that the rule of past consideration appears to very strict from a majority of application of the precedents discussed above. It appears that the common law did not give room for exception to this rule. However there is truth in the words that the law of equity is not cast on stone and it is subject to exceptions. Issue The other major issue is whether the rule that past consideration is not good consideration still applies or has since been overridden by other decisions. Indeed the strictness of the principle in past consideration has since been overridden as shall be demonstrated below. Rule In as early as 1652 it was held that where the promisor had expressly agreed that the other party supplies goods to him and ,the goods are actually delivered, a promise that is made after the goods are delivered shall be regarded as binding (Lampleigh v Braithwait,1615). It is apparent from the above case that there must be an express authority from the promisor that a certain act be undertaken. It should be borne in mind that the promise that is later made must be related to the act that the promisor had given express authority to (Stone 2011). Any act that was not followed by the express authority of the promisor is deemed not consideration for the later promise. Application The case of Privy Council in Pao On v Lau Yiu Long (1979) which appears to be the leading case when discussing the exception of the rule in past consideration, has been widely accepted across various jurisdiction and regarded as one of pervasive importance. In this case, Pao On and Fu Chipo agreed that Pao On would retain 60%of the acquired shared until 1974. Later on in 1973 Pao refused to continue to retain the shares unless he was indemnified for the value of the retained shares. The holding of this case established that for a past consideration to be valid there are three essential ingredients that were necessary. Firstly, the act must be one that was done at the request of the promisor. It can be deduced that it was the defendant himself who had agreed that Pao retain the shares. Secondly, it was held that the parties must have had it clear and understood that the act was one which was capable of remuneration. It can also be discerned here that they both agreed that the act would be compensated by the provision of a guarantee. This second test has been held that it in most instances gives the court an onerous task showing the consensus ad idem (meeting if the minds) of the parties (Pavis 2007) It has been suggested that an objective test should be taken to determine if a reasonable person in the same position as the parties would infer that the act was one capable of being remunerated. In Re Caseys Patents (1892) the claimant promoted patents that belonged to the defendant and when the work was almost completed the defendant promised to pay the claimant but he actually failed to pay. The court held that there was an understanding between the parties that the acts were to be remunerated and therefore the consideration even though past is valid. Thirdly, that if the promise was made prior to the performance of the act, the promise would also be enforceable. This implies that the promise should be that one if made in the ordinary sense of contract law it will be capable of enforcement. In the practical commercial world it has been held that a new contract that has been formed between a creditor and a debtor concerning a debt that is time bared relies on the a past consideration and can therefore fall within the panoply of the exceptions that state that past consideration is good consideration (Richard 2011). On the other hand In the English law negotiable instruments such as cheques have also been held to rely on the doctrine of past consideration. It is imperative to note that most cheques are normally cashed after the performance of an act and hence the consideration can be regarded as a past consideration (Sarah 2003). Conclusion The discussion above has dissected the principle of past consideration and discussed all the facets from its inception when the harsh common law doctrine applied and strictly considered past consideration as not good consideration to the present equitable past consideration which though not good consideration it can be allowed in peculiar circumstances. From the foregoing it can be plausibly concluded that the principle of past consideration has not entirely been overridden as it is subject to exceptions. References Eastwood v Kenyon (1840) 113 ER 482 at 485 Harrington v Taylor (1945) 36 SE 2d 227 Lampleigh v Braithwait [1615] EWHC KB J 17 Oudhton, P, 2000, Sourcebook on contract law, Cavendish Publishing Pao on v Lau Yiu Long [1979] 3 All ER 65 Re McArdle (1951) Ch 669 Re Caseys Patents (1892) 1 Ch 104 Roscorla v Thomas. (1842) 3 QB 234 Richard, P, 2007 Law of contract, Pearson Education Limited Richard,S 2011, The Modern Law of Contract , Routledge Taylor, R, Taylor, D 2011, Contract Law ,Oxford University Press 2011 Worthington,S 2003, Commercial law and commercial practice, Hart Publishing

Global Warming Essay Writing Instructions Essay Example

Global Warming Essay: Writing Instructions Paper The topic should add Reese the three keynotes in the essay title know, will, do: our knowledge of climate change, our attitudes and values about climate change, and our actions in response to climate change. The body of the essay should focus on how knowledge, attitudes and values, and actions are related to each other in terms of climate change. For example, you can consider different human communities/countries and their beliefs and value systems which may influence what they know about climate hanged and what they are doing about it. Or you may take an approach starting with those countries/communities which are doing most/least about global warming and analyzing why in terms of their level of knowledge or the main values in society. The essay is not about the causes, processes, consequences or remedies of climate change NAB. This course is Climate Change and Society with emphasis on society response The conclusion should restate your stance on the statement and summarize the main arguments in the body. You should also briefly discuss the implications based on the arguments in the body of the essay. Content (30%): task fulfillment; relevance and comprehensiveness of information provided about topic; logic and justification of arguments 2. Organization (30%): cohesion and coherence; overall structure; sequence and presentation of ideas 3. Language (30%): academic style and tone; accuracy and range of vocabulary; accuracy and appropriateness of grammatical structures 4. We will write a custom essay sample on Global Warming Essay: Writing Instructions specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Global Warming Essay: Writing Instructions specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Global Warming Essay: Writing Instructions specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer